Rivet



Nov.l l0, 1942. A, BlsHOP A 2,301,244,

RIVET Filed Janv. 8, -1942 Patented Nov.` 10,.l942 V l l l j NUNITI-:D STATES PATENT OFFICE i Archie G. Bishop, Sm Gabriel, 081B. Application January 28, 1942, Serial No. 428,553

` claims. (o1. :z5-4o) This invention relates to connecting and seother work parts are tightly pressed one against curing means and .has particular reference to the other. The rivet o! the present invention In the employment oi' ordinary rivets itV is 5 radially and thi."` longitudinal or axial expansion necessary to back up the rivets, two men being of the inner head causes the plates or sheets to required to instan each rivet, one man driving bevtightly clamped and held. the rivet and the other backing it up. In many Another object of the invention is to provide been proposed but, so'far as I am aware, have be installed by simple tools in a single operation.

never proved satisfactory. 20 'I'he various objects and features of my inven- Ihe expansible rivets o1' both the explosive type tion will be fully understood from the following and mechanical type have certain disadvantagesk detailed description of typical preferred forms and insumciencies. The inner portions ofthe and applications of my invention, throughout radially with respect to the longitudinal axes of companying drawing, in which' sheets or plates together in tight engagement. tailed sectional view of the rivet body before the prior expansible rivets is the inability to further lar to Fig. 2 showing the arms retracted so that expand the rivets following their initial installathe rivet body is in condition for use. Fig. 4 is a tion. In many situations and particularly in airside elevation of the rivet in condition for shipcraft construction it is important that the rivets ping. Fig. 5 is a` transverse detailed sectional be tightened up after a certain period of service. view taken as indicated by line 5 3 on Fig. 2.

So raras I am now aware it is impossible to Fig. 6 is an enlarged transverse detailed sectional tighten the prior expansible rivets after they have view taken as indicated by line 6 6 `on Fig. 3

been installed and initially expanded. and Fig. 7 is a longitudinal detailed sectional lAnother Object 0f this iDVentiOn 1S t0 DI'OVide 40 view of another form of the invention with the an eXDansible rivet or seli' heading rivet that may inner rivet head expanded and tightened up after be easily and quickly installed bylri 1xone opertr service and that does not require bac g up. e

' rivets of the invention are well adapted for use valse rnuisngrazyggsisrlg in situations where it is dimcult or impossible to ferent situions The relative m ru t back up the rivets from their inner ends and p p0 ons o are useful in all other situations where rivets the parts may be different with different sizes are employed and where it is desired to speed up and types of rivets' In the d1' Wing I have ShOWn the construction and reduce the labor requretwo typical examples f rivets of the invention' ments it being understood that these are merely illustrative forms of the'v present construction. An r ob ect of this invention is to provide a rivgthf thije character referred to whose ex The rlvet 0f the present invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive. may be said to comprise ansible head or inner head clamps agalnst the vork with great force in a direction axially of generally, a rivet body l0 having an outer Lead the rivet so that the riveted together sheets or l l, Parts l2 adapted t0 form an inner head and 2 means I3 for expanding the parts I2 so that they forni 'an inner head for the rivet.

The body I of therivet may take different forms and may be of different shapes depending upon the intended use of the rivet. In the case illustrated where the rivet is to be installed in registering-openings I4 in a pair of plates or shee'tsl the body I0 is an elongate member proportioned to extend completely through the registering openings I4. The outer head II is preferably an integral part of the body I0 and, in the form of the invention being described, is designed to ilatly bear against the exposed surface S oi the outer sheet I5. In this form of construction the outer rivet head II has a rounded or convex outer surface, it being understood that the head may be of diie'rent shapes.

In accordance with the invention a longitudi- 'nal opening I6 enters the rivet body I0 from the outer end 'of the head II and extends for a substantial distance through the body. As initially formed, the opening I6 may be a simple cylindrical bore and the opening terminates 'some disvtance from the inner end oi I0 is further provided vwith circumferentially spaced longitudinally extending slots I1 `which enter the body from its inner end. The slots I'I rpreferably terminate below or inwardly of the head II leaving the body I0 with an imperforate or unslotted portion which is adapted to extend into the opening i4 of the outer plate I5 for some distance. In 'some cases the slots Il .may extend to the head II. The slots I1 are preferably all alike and there may be any required number of slots. In the drawing there are four equally spaced slots I1. As initially formed the slots I'I may have flat parallel side walls and may bein the nature of saw cuts although they may be formed in any other selected manner.

The spaced slots I'I denne or leave a series of spaced longitudinally extending arms IS. It 'will be observed that these arms I8v are of substantial length extending from la plane a short distance inwardly of the head II to the inner extremity of the rivet. The slots I'I which provide or define the arms I8 are radial and their medial longitudinal planes intersect at the longitudinal axis 'of lthe rivet body. As best shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4 of the drawing the width of the slots 'I1 is less than the diameter of the opening I6. This leaves or provides for internal outwardly facing shoulders I9 on the inner sides oi the arms I8 where the opening I6 terminates and Y:loins the cavity or'central space created in the rivet where the slots I1 join. The shoulders I9 lie in a. common plane 'and may be bevelled or pitched as shown. It is usually preferred to locate the shoulders I9 so that they are in or adjacent the plane of the exposed surf-ace S of the inner sheet I assuming the rivet to be in Lpo'sition inthe opening I4.` n

The parts I2 which form the inner head of the rivet are what may be termed'enlargements or projections on the inner portions of the arms I8. The parts I2 project laterally or radially from the arms I8 to present shoulders 2D which face or oppose the iiat under side of the head I I. The width of the shoulders is equal to or slightly less than the width of the fslots Il. It may be preferred to slightly under 'cut the shoulders Z, that is, to pitch the shoulders downwardly and 'inwardly toward the longitudinal axis of the rivetbody I0 lto have more effective cooperation with 'the workfW, as will more fully appear. The parts I2 are ,preferably integral portions of the arms the rivet. The body a,eo1,244

I8 and are of substantial length to give the inner rivet head strength and rigidity. Y

As will be seen from an inspection of Fig. 2 the parts I2 extend outwardly beyond the circumference oi the rivet body I0. It is preferred to proportion the rivet body accurately fit the openings I4 in the work and, accordingly, the series of parts I2 has an external diameter greater than the diameter ofthe openings I4. In order to provide for the ready insertion of therivet in the openings I4 the arms I8 are made to converge downwardly and inwardly as shown in Fig. 3. The arms I8 converge downwardly and inwardly from their'point of ioinder with the unsiotted body portion to their lower or inner extremities and their inner corners may 4contact or substantially contact as shown in Fig. 3. This convergence of the arms I8 brings'. the parts I2 within the circumference of the openings I4, it being observed that the shoulders 20 one-half the width of the slot inward convergence of the arms I8, as just described, brings the series of parts S2 to positions where their outer circumference is equal to or 'less than that of the openings I4. The arms I8 may be iiexed or bent inwardly to their convergent positions following the forming of the opening I6 and slots I1 or the arms may be given their convergence during any selected phase of manufacture. It will be observed. that where I'I so that the the varms I8 are inwardly and downwardly convergeht as just described the inner or internal faces of the arms likewise converge.4 As the internal surfaces of the arms 'I8 are formed in part by the ope g I6 it may be said that the inner portion of the opening I6 has inwardly convergeht walls as presented by the arms IB. In the `event only two arms I8 are provided it may be necessary to fiatten, curve or otherwise shape the sides of the parts I2 adjacent the slots Il to allow the rivet 'to be readily enteredthrough openings I4.

The means for expanding or spreading the in ner rivet head parts I2. constitutes a pin 2i. pin ZI is arranged in the body opening I6 and is adapted tobe forced or driven inwardly to spread the arms IS radially and thus swing'tne head parts i2 to positions where they press or clamp tightly against the rexposed surface S of the inner sheet I5. 'The pin 2'I may be initially force fitted or press fitted on the opening I6 to remain therein Vduring shipping, etc., so that the rivet is complete and 'ready 'for use when supplied to the riveter. The pin '2"I is proportioned so that 'when the rivet is supplied to 'the yriveter `the pin projects upwardly or beyond :the :head II and theinner end of the pin is `seated against or is in engagement with the convergent inner surfaces of the arms I8. As `clearly .illustrated in Fig. l of the drawing the inner portion '22 of the pin 2I is tapered or pointed to some extent 'to .have more even and effective engagement with 'the convergent inner faces of the arms I8. i

In use, the rivet constructed and .assembled as above described is inserted vthrough the openings Id so that the inner side vof the head II flatly engages against the work surface iS. With the head II firmly held against the vwork vthe pin 2| is driven or forced inwardly. In this Yconnection it will be apparent how a 'suitable tool or tools may be employed .to vhold the .rivet in place and to force the pin 2| inwardly. 'The fpin-2l may be proportioned so that Jinward movement of the 'pin `to a position where its outer endis flush with I0 to closely or rather are equal to or slightly less than The f the surface of the head II indicates that the head parts I2 have been vfully or properly expanded. When the pin 2I is forced or driven inwardlyy its convergent end convergent inner'faces'of the arms I8 and causes the arms to ex orV swing outwardly. The arms I 8 swing or move outwardly or laterally about axes adjacent theirpoints o1' connection with the unslotted portion of the body III and thus act as levers. The outward movement or swinging of the arms I8 brings the shoulders 20 of the head parts I2 into engagement with the exposed surmovement or arcuate movement of the head parts I2 causes their shoulders 20 to press or clamp against the surface S of the inner sheet I 5 in such a way that the sheets I 5 are tightly clamped or gripped between the head I I and the inner head parts I2. The expansion or outward swingment with the walls of the openings I4. ,The unslotted portion of the body III immediately inward of the head Ii may be expanded to some portion into enshoulders I9. The tapering pin `2I acting against gagement with the part of the of the pin 2| may be accomplished by a simple tool or set.

Fig. 'I of the drawing illustrates a flush head type rivet of the invention. 'I'he rivet after extended use or service o1' the machine or structure. It will be observed that the tapering lower portion of the tapering inner portion of the pin 2I acts on the shoulders I9 to further spread the arms I8 and to actuate the parts I2 into tight gripping cooperation with the work or sheet l5.

Havingdescribed typical preferred forms and may assume after being' portion 22 cooperates with the 4 Vsides of the arms,

. 3 applications o1' my invention. I do not wish to be limited I set forth. but to myself any variamay appear to those skilled in the art or fall Within the scope of the following claims.I Having described my invention, I claim: 1. A rivet for use i`n an opening in work comprising a rivet body having` a headon its outer which converge toward the longitudinal axis of the rivet, laterally projecting parts on the outer a member in the opening of the body adapted to act against the inner sides of the converging arms to spread rue arms so that said parts are swung laterally and axially side oi the work, and means for tightening the rivet after use comprising shoulders on the inner sides of the arms engageable by said member. l

2. A rivet to be installed in an opening in work comprising a body having a longitudinal the outer end, a head on the outer being inwardly positions where on upon further inward movement of the pin to further spread the lingers.

4. A rivet of the class described comprising or restricted to the speciiic details herein` inner sides of the arms `engageable by the pin.

5. A rivet to be installed in an opening in work comprising a body having a longitudinal opening entering it from the outer end, a head on the outer end of the body for engaging one side of the work, a series of longitudinally extending fngers joining the body in a plane spaced between the opposite sides of the work and extending through the opening inthe work to project beyond the other side of the work, external projections on those portions of the fingers which extend beyond said other side of the work. the internal surfaces of the fingers lying within the circumference of the opening inthe body, a pin in the opening adapted to be forced against said internal surfaces of the ngers to `swing the fingers laterally about axes at said plane so that the projections are made to clamp against said other side of the work and internal shoulders on the fingers engageable upon further movement of the pin to tighten said prol0 jections against the work.

ARCI-HE G. BISHOP. 

